Hypothyroidism

What is hypothyroidism?

Hypothyroidism is a condition that affects the thyroid gland. It’s characterized by an inability of this gland to produce enough thyroid hormone to effectively manage metabolism and other essential body functions. About five in 100 Americans aged 12 and older have hypothyroidism, which may cause problematic symptoms but is easily treatable. 

What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Symptoms of hypothyroidism might not be noticeable initially. However, you could experience the following symptoms over time:

• Weight gain
• Fatigue
• Cold sensitivity
• Constipation 
• Dry skin
• Hoarse voice
• Puffy face
• Muscle weakness
• Course or thinning hair
• Stiffness
• Muscle tenderness or aching
• Slowed heart rate
• Irregular or heavy periods
• Depression
• Memory issues

Babies with hypothyroidism may have slowed growth, feeding problems, poor weight gain, constipation, poor muscle tone, an enlarged tongue, hoarse crying, or jaundice. 

Children with this condition may also experience growth and development delays, including poor mental development, if their hypothyroidism goes untreated.

What are the risk factors for hypothyroidism?

Anyone can develop hypothyroidism, but its risk factors typically include:

• Previous thyroid surgery
• Autoimmune diseases
• Thyroid gland inflammation 
• Family history of thyroid problems
• Iodine deficiency
• Conditions present at birth
• Some medications 
• Pituitary disorders
• Being female
• Celiac disease
• Type 1 diabetes
• Treatment for hyperthyroidism (excess thyroid hormone production)
• Radiation therapy to the upper chest or neck
• Pregnancy

Becoming pregnant is linked to hypothyroidism in some women. It’s vital to treat it effectively to avoid premature delivery, pregnancy loss, preeclampsia (high blood pressure during pregnancy), or other pregnancy complications.

When left untreated, hypothyroidism can lead to heart problems, a goiter (enlarged thyroid gland), peripheral nerve damage, infertility, congenital disabilities in babies, and even a coma.  

How is hypothyroidism diagnosed?

The Hale Family Practice experts check your vital signs, weigh you, determine your body mass index (BMI), and complete a physical exam to diagnose hypothyroidism. They evaluate your thyroid gland for signs of enlargement and order blood testing to assess overall thyroid functioning. You might need an ultrasound or other diagnostic procedures.

How is hypothyroidism treated?

Treating hypothyroidism typically involves taking synthetic thyroid hormone via a tablet once daily in the morning on an empty stomach. It’s vital to take the medication exactly as instructed and see your Hale Family Practice provider routinely for effective thyroid hormone management. 

Adopt healthy lifestyle habits that include eating nutritious foods, exercising regularly, maintaining an ideal weight, getting enough sleep, and minimizing stress. Take a dietary supplement if asked to.

Schedule an in-person or telemedicine hypothyroidism evaluation at Hale Family Practice by calling the office or requesting a visit online today.